Official translation

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA

LAW AMENDING THE Law on Copyright and Related Rights

18 May 1999 No. VIII-1185

Vilnius

(A new version of 5 March 2003 No. IX-1355)

Article 1. Revised Version of the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Copyright and Related Rights

The Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Copyright and Related Rights shall be amended and set forth to read as follows:

“REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA LAW ON

COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS

Chapter I

General Provisions

Article 1. General Provisions

1. This law shall regulate:

1) copyright in literary, scientific and artistic works (copyright);

2) the rights of performers, producers of phonograms, broadcasting organisations and producers of the first fixation of an audiovisual work (film) (related rights);

3) the rights of makers of databases (sui generis rights);

4) exercise, collective administration and enforcement of copyright and related rights, as well as the exercise and enforcement of sui generis rights.

2. The provisions of this Law are harmonised with the legal acts of the European Union specified in the annex of this Law.

Article 2. Main Definitions of this Law

1. “Reproduction” means direct or indirect, temporary or permanent making by any means and in any form, including an electronic form, of a copy (copies) of a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights (in whole or in part).

2. “Performer” means an actor, singer, musician, dancer or another person who plays in, sings, reads, recites, or otherwise performs literary, artistic, folkloric works or circus acts. For the purpose of this Law a “performer” shall also include a leader and conductor of an orchestra, ensemble or choir.

3. “Producer of an audiovisual work” means a natural or legal person on the initiative and responsibility of which an audiovisual work is being made.

4. “Audiovisual work” means a cinematographic work or any other work created by means of cinematography, consisting of a series of related images which impart an impression of motion, whether or not accompanied by sound, and recorded (fixed) in an audiovisual recording medium.

5. “Owner of copyright” means an author, another natural or legal person, possessing the author’s exclusive economic rights in the cases provided for in this Law, as well as a natural or legal person to whom the author’s exclusive economic rights have been transferred (successor in title).

6. “Quotation” means a relatively short passage cited from another work to demonstrate or to make more intelligible author’s own statements, or to refer to the views or thoughts of another author in authentic wording.

7. “Database” means a compilation of works, data or any other material arranged in a systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means, except for computer programmes used in the making or operation of such databases.

8. “Phonogram” means the fixation of the sounds of a performance, or of other sounds, or of the representation of sounds, by technical devices in any material sound-recording medium.

9. “Producer of a phonogram” means a natural or legal person on the initiative and responsibility of which the first fixation of the sounds of a performance or other sounds, or the representation of sounds is made.

10. “Photographic work” means an image produced on surfaces sensitive to light by means of light or any other radiation the composition, selection or way of capturing the chosen objects of which show originality, irrespective of the technology (chemical, electronic, etc.) of such fixation. A still picture extracted from an audiovisual work is not considered to be a “photographic work”, but only a part of the audiovisual work concerned.

11. “Object of related rights” means the performance of a work, including direct (live) performance and its sound or visual fixation, a phonogram, the first fixation of an audiovisual work (film), radio and (or) television broadcast of a broadcasting organisation.

12. “Owner of related rights” means a performer, producer of a phonogram, broadcasting organisation, producer of the first fixation of an audiovisual work (film), another natural or legal person possessing exclusive related rights in the cases provided for in this Law, as well as a natural or legal person to whom the exclusive related rights have been transferred (successor in title).

13. “Rights-management information” means any information, submitted by owners of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights, which identifies a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights, owners of such rights, or information about the terms and conditions of use of a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights, as well as any numbers, graphic marks or codes that represent such information.

14. “Publication” means the production of copies of a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights in quantities sufficient to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the public, regardless of the method of production, provided that such work, object of related rights or sui generis rights has been made available to the public with the consent of the owner of such rights.

15. “Cable retransmission” means the simultaneous, unaltered and unabridged retransmission by a cable or microwave system for reception by the public of an initial transmission, by wire or over the air, including that by satellite, of radio and (or) television programmes intended for reception by the public.

16. “Cable retransmission operator” means a natural or legal person which makes use of cable or microwave facilities and integrated reception networks, when signals of television and radio broadcast stations are distributed to more than 40 apartments (households).

17. “Computer programme” means a set of instructions expressed in words, codes, schemes or in any other form capable, when incorporated in a computer-readable medium, of causing a computer to perform a particular task or bring about a certain result; this definition also includes preparatory design material of such instructions, provided that the said set of instructions can be created from it.

18. “Work” means any original result of creation activities in the literary, scientific or artistic domain, whatever may be its artistic value, the mode or form of its expression.

19. “User of a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights” means a natural or legal person which exploits originals or copies of works, objects of related rights or sui generis rights (reproduces, publishes, imports, sells, rents, lends or otherwise distributes them in any manner, uses them for the public performance or public display, broadcasts, retransmits or otherwise communicates to the public). A performer shall not be regarded as a user of a work or an object of related rights which is performed publicly, if the said performer does not organise and (or) finance the use of the work or the object of related rights for public performance.

20. “Licence” means a permit of the owner of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights (licensor) granting to the user of the work, the object of related rights or sui generis rights (licensee) the right to exploit the original or copies of the work, the object of related rights or sui generis rights (licence matter) within the specified territory in the way and under the conditions agreed upon in the licensing agreement. Licences may be either exclusive or non-exclusive. A non-exclusive licence means that the licensor grants the right to the licensee to use the licence matter by retaining the right of granting such right to other persons, and to exploit the license matter himself. An exclusive license means that the licensor, upon granting the right to the licensee to exploit the license matter, loses the right to grant similar licenses to other persons and has no right to exploit the subject matter with regard to the rights transferred to the licensee, himself.

21. “Infringing copy” means a copy of a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights produced or imported into the Republic of Lithuania without the permission of the or owner of the rights or a person duly authorised by them (without concluding an agreement or upon violating the terms and conditions set in it, except for the cases specified by this Law when a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights may be reproduced without permission), as well as a copy of a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights in which rights-management information has been removed or altered without the permission of the owner of the rights.

22. “Rental” means making available for use, for a certain period of time and for direct or indirect commercial advantage, of the original or copy of a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights.

23. “Lending” means making available for use free of charge, for a certain period of time, in libraries or other establishments accessible to the public, of the original or copy of a work, an object of related rights or sui generis rights.

24. “Owner of sui generis rights” means a maker of a database who, when selecting, arranging, verifying and presenting the contents of the database, has made substantial qualitative and (or) quantitative (intellectual, financial, organisational) investments, as well as a natural or legal person to whom the sui generis rights of the maker of the database has been transferred.

25. “Work of applied art” means any hand-made or industrially made work of art, having an utilitarian function.

26. “Broadcasting” means the transmission by wireless means, including that by satellite, for public reception of sounds or images and sounds, or their expression; the transmission of coded signals is considered to be transmission if a broadcasting organisation provides society with special decoding devices or grants permission to acquire them.

27. “Broadcasting organisation” means a legal person the main activity of which is the preparation and transmission of radio and (or) television programmes, as well as a cable retransmission operator preparing and transmitting its own broadcasts and programmes.

28. “Public performance” means acting, singing, playing, reciting, reading, dancing or otherwise publicly performing a work, either directly (live performance) or by means of any device or equipment in a certain public place in which a group of the members of the public of an indefinite number are or may be present at the same time.

29. “Communication to the public” means the transmission to the public of a work, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of the work in such a way that members of the public may access it from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. Communication to the public of an object of related rights means any transmission to the public of an object of related rights, including the making of the sounds or expression of the sounds recorded in a phonogram audible to the public, except broadcasting.

30. “Public display” means any showing of a work, its original or a copy directly (exposition) or on a screen by means of slides, television image or other similar means, as well as the showing of individual still images of an audiovisual work non-sequentially in a place where a group of the members of the public of an indefinite number are or may be present, irrespective of whether they are present in the same place and at the same time or in separate places and at different times.

Article 3. Scope of Application of the Law

1. The provisions of this Law shall apply to:

1)	authors and owners of related rights who are citizens of the Republic of Lithuania or natural persons permanently residing in the Republic of Lithuania, or legal persons the headquarters whereof is located in the Republic of Lithuania;

2)	authors regardless of their citizenship or habitual residence, to whom the rights in works for the first time published in the Republic of Lithuania, including the works simultaneously published in the Republic of Lithuania and abroad, belong. A work shall be considered as having been published simultaneously in several countries if it is has been published in the Republic of Lithuania within thirty days of its first publication in another country;

3)	authors of audiovisual works if the headquarters or habitual residence of the producer of the said works is in the Republic of Lithuania;

4)	authors of works of architecture erected in the Republic of Lithuania, or authors of other artistic works incorporated in a building or other construction works located in the Republic of Lithuania;

5)	performers who are citizens of the Republic of Lithuania or natural persons permanently residing in the Republic of Lithuania, as well as performers whose performances take place on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania or are incorporated in phonograms protected by this Law, or are used in programmes or original broadcasts qualifying for protection under this Law;

6)	broadcasting organisations and cable retransmission operators whose headquarters are located in the Republic of Lithuania, or whose broadcasts and programmes are transmitted by the transmitters located on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania, as well as broadcasting organisations whose programmes are communicated by satellite when the programme-carrying signals of an established frequency are transmitted to the satellite from the territory of the Republic of Lithuania.

2. The provisions of this Law concerning the sui generis rights shall apply to the makers of databases who are citizens of the Republic of Lithuania or natural persons permanently residing in the Republic of Lithuania, or legal persons the headquarters whereof is located in the Republic of Lithuania.

3. The provisions of this Law shall also apply to authors, owners of related rights and makers of databases whose rights shall be protected in the Republic of Lithuania in accordance with the international agreements ratified by the Republic of Lithuania, and other legal acts binding on the Republic of Lithuania according to its international obligations.

Chapter II

Copyright

Section 1

Subject Matter of Copyright

Article 4. Subject Matter of Copyright

1.	The subject matter of copyright shall include original literary, scientific and artistic works which are the result of creative activities of an author, whatever may be the objective form of their expression.

2.	The subject matter of copyright shall comprise the following:

1)	books, brochures, articles, diaries, and other literary works, whatever may be the form of their expression, including an electronic form, as well as computer programmes;

2)	speeches, lectures, sermons and other oral works;

3)	written and verbal works of science (scientific lectures, studies, monographs, deductions, scientific projects and documented project material, as well as other works relative to science);

4)	dramatic, dramatico-musical, pantomime, choreographic and other works intended to be performed on the stage, theatrical productions, as well as scenarios and shooting scripts;

5)	musical works with or without accompanying words;

6)	audiovisual works (motion pictures, television films, television broadcasts, video films, diafilms and other works expressed by cinematographic means), radiophonic works;

7)	works of sculpture, painting and graphic art, monumental decorative art, other works of fine art and works of scenery;

8)	photographic works and other works created by a process analogous to photography;

9)	works of architecture (projects, designs, sketches and models of buildings and other construction works, as well as completed buildings and other construction works);

10)	works of applied art and works not registered as industrial designs;

11)	illustrations, maps, charts, projects of gardens and parks, sketches and three-dimensional works relative to geography, topography and exact sciences;

12)	other works.

3.	The subject matter of copyright shall also include the following:

1) derivative works created on the basis of other literary, scientific or artistic works (translations, dramatisations, adaptations, annotations, reviews, essays, musical arrangements, static and interactive Internet homepages, and other derivative works);

2) collections of works or compilations of data, databases (in machine readable form or other form), which, by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents constitute of author’s intellectual creations;

3) unofficial translations of legal acts, official documents of administrative, legal or regulative nature, referred to in subparagraph 2 of Article 5 of this Law.

4. Copyright in derivative works and compilations shall apply without prejudice to the copyright in the work or works on the basis of which a derivative work has been created or a compilation has been made, and shall not extend to the data or material, which is not attributed to the subject matter of copyright, employed in the database.

Article 5. Works not Attributed to the Subject Matter of Copyright

Copyright shall not apply to:

1) ideas, procedures, processes, systems, methods of operation, concepts, principles, discoveries or mere data;

2) legal acts, official documents texts of administrative, legal or regulative nature (decisions, rulings, regulations, norms, territorial planning and other official documents), as well as their official translations;

3) official State symbols and insignia (flags, coat-of-arms, anthems, banknote designs, and other State symbols and insignia) the protection of which is regulated by other legal acts;

4) officially registered drafts of legal acts;

5) regular information reports on events;

6) folklore works.

Section 2

OWNERs of Copyright

Article 6. Author

1. The author shall be a natural person who has created a work.

2. A natural person, whose name is indicated on a work in the usual manner shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be regarded as the author of the work. This provision shall apply even if the work is disclosed under a pseudonym, where it leaves no doubt as to the identity of the author.

3. When the pseudonym of an author appears on the work, which rises doubt as to the identity of the author, or the name of an author does not appear on a work, the publisher whose name appears on the work shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to represent the author, and in this capacity he shall be entitled to protect and enforce the author’s rights until the author of such work reveals his identity and establishes his claim to authorship of the work.

Article 7. Joint Authorship

1.	When a work is created by two or more natural persons in joint creative endeavour, they shall be regarded as co-authors, irrespective of whether such a work constitutes a single unitary whole, or consists of parts, each of which has an autonomous meaning. A part of a joint work shall be considered as having an autonomous meaning if it may be used independently of the other parts of that work.

2.	Mutual relations of the co-authors and their remuneration shall be determined by an agreement between them. In the absence of such an agreement, copyright in the joint work shall be exercised jointly by the co-authors, and the remuneration shall be divided among them in proportion to the creative contribution of each co-author. None of the co-authors shall have the right to prohibit, without a valid reason, the use of the joint work.

3.	Each co-author shall be entitled to use in his own discretion the part of the joint work created by him and having an autonomous meaning, unless otherwise provided in the agreement concluded between the co-authors.

4.	A person who has rendered material, technical or organisational assistance in the process of the creation of a work shall not be considered to be its co-author.

Article 8. Copyright in Collective Works

1.	An author’s economic rights in collective works (such as encyclopaedias, encyclopaedic dictionaries, periodical scientific collections, newspapers, journals, and other collective works) shall vest in the natural or legal person on the initiative and under the direction of whom the work has been created.

2.	The authors of the works incorporated in collective works shall retain exclusive rights to exploit their works independently of the use of the collective work, unless otherwise provided for by an agreement.

Article 9. Copyright in a Work Created in the Execution of Official Duties or Fulfilment of Work Functions

1.	The author of a work created in the execution of his duties or fulfilment of work functions shall be a natural person or a group of natural persons who have created that work.

2.	An author’s economic rights in a work, other than a computer programme, created by an employee in the execution of his duties or fulfilment of work functions shall be transferred to the employer for the period of five years, unless otherwise provided for by an agreement.

Article 10. Copyright in Computer Programmes

1.	The author of a computer programme shall be a natural person or a group of natural persons who have created the program. A computer programme shall be protected under this Law, provided it is original. When establishing originality of a computer programme, criteria for quality or artistic value shall not be applied.

2.	The owner of an author’s economic rights in a computer programme created by an employee in the execution of his duties or fulfilment of work functions shall be the employer, unless otherwise provided by an agreement.

Article 11. Copyright in Audiovisual Works

1.	Copyright in audiovisual works shall be enjoyed by their co-authors, i.e. the director, author of the screenplay, author of the dialogue, art director, cameraman and composer of music (with or without lyrics), specifically created for use in this audiovisual work. Authors of the pre-existing works included in, or adapted for, the audiovisual work shall enjoy copyright in their works.

2.	Authors of an audiovisual work (except the authors of musical works specifically created for an audiovisual work or included in an audiovisual work) who have entered into an agreement with a producer for the creation (production) of an audiovisual work, as well as authors of the pre-existing works, who have given their authorisation to adapt or incorporate their works in an audiovisual work shall transfer their economic rights provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 15 of this Law, as well as the right to subtitle or dub the text of the audiovisual work to the producer, unless otherwise provided for by an agreement.

3.	The amount of remuneration for the transferred economic rights in an audiovisual work shall be determined by an agreement between the parties for each individual mode of exploitation of the work, related to the transferred economic rights.

4.	Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, co-authors of an audiovisual work shall retain the unwaivable right to receive an equitable remuneration for the rental of the audiovisual work. This remuneration shall be paid by the natural or legal persons who rent audiovisual works or their copies as the persons to whom the right to rent audiovisual works or their copies have been transferred. This right shall be implemented only through the association of collective administration of copyright.

5.	At the request of the author or the association of collective administration of copyright, a producer of an audiovisual work must provide the author or the association of collective administration of copyright with the information necessary for the enforcement of the right referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article.

Article 12. Copyright Notice

The author or any other owner of copyright may notify the public about his rights by using the copyright notice. It shall consist of the following three elements: the letter C in a circle or circular brackets, followed by the name of the author or any other owner of copyright (title) and the year of the first publication of the work.

Section 3

Authors’ Rights

Article 13. Commencement of the Authors’ Rights

Authors’ rights in literary, scientific and artistic works commence from the creation of such works.

Article 14. Author’s Moral Rights

1. The author of a work, independently of his economic rights, even after the transfer of these rights to another person, shall have the following moral rights:

1) the right to claim authorship of the work, by indicating the author’s name in a prominent way on all the copies of a published work, and in connection with any other public use of the work ( the right of authorship);

2) the right to claim or prevent the mention of the author’s name in connection with any use of the work, or the right to claim that the work be disclosed to the public under a pseudonym (the right to the author’s name);

3) the right to object to any distortion or other modification of a work or the title thereof, as well as to any derogatory action in relation thereto which would be prejudicial to the author’s honour or reputation (the right to the inviolability of a work).

2. An author’s moral rights shall not be subject to transfer to other persons. Upon the death of the author, his moral rights shall be exercised in accordance with the procedure established in paragraph 2 of Article 49 of this Law.

Article 15. Economic Rights of Authors

1.	The author shall have the exclusive rights to authorise or to prohibit any of the following acts:

1) reproduction of a work in any form or by any means;

2) publication of a work;

3) translation of a work;

4) adaptation, arrangement, dramatisation or other transformation of a work;

5) distribution of the original or copies of a work to the public by sale, rental, lending, or by any other transfer of ownership or possession, as well as by exporting and importing;

6) public display of the original or copies of a work;

7) public performance of a work in any form or by any means;

8) broadcasting, retransmission of a work, as well as communication to the public of a work in any other way, including the making available to the public of a work over computer networks (on the Internet).

2.	Any mode of the exploitation of the original of a work or its copies without the permission of the author, his successor in title or the person duly authorised by him shall be considered illegal (with the exception of the cases provided for in this Law).

3.	The author shall have the right to receive a remuneration for each mode of the exploitation of the work related to author’s economic rights specified in paragraph 1 of this Article. In the case of public performance of a work, the author shall be entitled to a remuneration for both the direct (live) performance, and when the aforementioned acts are done with the help of a phonogram or audiovisual fixation, radio and television broadcasting or retransmission. In the case of broadcasting, retransmission or another communication to the public of the work, including the making available to the public of the work by means of computer networks (on the Internet), the author shall be entitled to receive a remuneration for both the broadcasting, retransmission or another communication to the public of a direct (live) performance of the work, and for the use of a phonogram or audiovisual fixation. The amount of remuneration and the payment procedure thereof shall be agreed upon in the copyright agreement, as well as in the licensing agreement negotiated between users of works and the authors or associations of collective administration of copyright.

4.	The author, after the transfer of his rental right in respect of a phonogram of his work to the producer of a phonogram, shall retain an unwaivable right to obtain an equitable remuneration for the rental of such work. The remuneration shall be paid by natural or legal persons who rent phonograms or their copies as the persons to whom the right to rent those phonograms or their copies has been transferred. This right shall be enforced only through the association of collective administration of copyright.

5.	At the request of the author or the association of collective administration of copyright, producers of phonograms must provide the author or the association of collective administration of copyright with the information necessary for the enforcement of the right referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article.

6.	The provisions of subparagraph 5 of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply in respect of computer programmes where the program itself does not constitute the essential object of distribution (computer programmes in household appliances, etc.).

7.	The exclusive right of rental and lending of the original or a copy of a work shall not apply in relation to buildings and to works of applied art.

Article 16. Distribution of a Work after the First Sale or other Transfer of Ownership Rights in the Work

1.	Upon the first sale or other transfer of the original or copies of a work into the ownership in the Republic of Lithuania by the author or his successor in title (or with their consent), the exclusive right of distribution of the work or its copies which are lawfully in circulation shall expire (be exhausted) in the Republic of Lithuania.

2.	The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to the exclusive right of rental or lending of the work or its copies which is sold or transferred into ownership in any other manner.

3.	When the lending of books and other publications is carried out through libraries, their authors shall have the right to receive equitable remuneration for the transferred exclusive right to lend a work. The amount of remuneration and the procedure of payment shall be established by the Government, taking into account the proposals of the Council of Copyright and Related Rights of Lithuania. This remuneration shall not be paid when the lending of books and other publications is carried out through libraries of educational and scientific institutions.

Article 17. Right to a Share in the Returns from the Resale of an Original Work of Art or Original Manuscript

1.	The author shall have an unwaivable right to a share in the returns from each sale through public auction or any other public sale of an original work of art or an original manuscript of a literary or musical work, when the sale takes place subsequent to the first transfer of the right of ownership in the work by the author himself, and where the resale price of the original work or manuscript is at least 500 litas.

2.	As used in this Article, works of art shall mean works of visual art, applied art and photographic works.

3.	The share in the returns provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article constituting 5 per cent of the sale price of an original work or manuscript shall be paid to the author by the seller. The organisers of auctions and other public sale events must provide the authors or associations of collective administration of copyright representing them with the information about the original works or manuscripts sold, the seller and the sale price of the work or the manuscript.

4.	An author’s right to receive the share in the returns from the resale of the original work of art or original manuscript, as provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article, shall be transferred to other persons only upon the author’s death by hereditary succession.

Article 18. Right of Making Available of Work of Fine Art and Work of Architecture

1.	The owner of an original work of fine art must permit the author of the work to reproduce or display the work at his exhibition, if the author’s right to reproduce the work or to publicly display it have not been transferred to the owner of the original work, provided that the owner’s legitimate interests are not thereby prejudiced and the safety of the work is ensured.

2.	The owner of an original work of fine art may not destroy the work before offering it back to the author. Where the return of the original work is not possible, the conditions must be created for the author to make a copy of the work in an appropriate manner.

3.	The person commissioning a work of architecture must permit the author of the work, without additional remuneration, to participate in the realisation of the construction plan of a building or other construction works (monitoring the drafting of the construction documentation and the execution of construction work of a building or other construction works with regard to copyright protection), unless otherwise provided for in the copyright agreement for the commissioning of the work.

4.	The owner of the work of architecture (a building or any other construction works) may, without the author’s permission, make changes in the building or any other construction works, provided that this is done for technical reasons or for the purpose of any practical use of the building or other construction works, unless otherwise provided for in the agreement.

5. The author of the work of architecture shall have the right to take photographs of the building or construction works before its demolition and to get a copy of the design thereof.

Section 4

Limitations oN Economic Rights

Article 19. Conditions of Limitation on Economic Rights

Any limitations on economic rights shall be permitted exclusively to the cases provided for in this Law. They must not conflict with a normal exploitation of a work and must not prejudice the legitimate interests of author or other owner of copyright.

Article 20. Reproduction of Works for Personal Use

1.	It shall be permitted for a natural person, without the authorisation of the author or any other owner of copyright, to reproduce, exclusively for his individual use, not for direct or indirect commercial advantage, in a single copy a work published or communicated to the public in any other mode, where the reproduction is a single-action. When works are for the private use reproduced on paper by means of reprography (effected by the use of any kind of photographic technique or some other process having similar effects), the provisions of Article 23 of this Law shall apply.

2.	The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to the reproduction of the following works:

1) works of architecture in the form of building or other construction works;

2) computer programmes (with the exception of the cases provided for in Articles 30 and 31 of this Law);

3) electronic databases (with the exception of the cases provided for in Article 32 of this Law).

3. When reproducing an audiovisual work or a work recorded in a phonogram, the author of the work or his successor in title, together with the performers and the producers of the audiovisual works and phonograms or their successors in title, shall have the right to receive fair compensation established as a percentage of the wholesale price for blank audio or audiovisual recording media intended for personal reproduction (other than the media intended for export, professional needs and the needs of persons with hearing or visual impairment).

4. The compensation referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article must be paid by producers and importers of audio or audiovisual analogue/digital recording media intended for personal reproduction, except in the cases where such blank media are brought into the country exclusively for the private use (in the luggage of a passenger).

5. Taking into consideration the application or non-application of technological measures determined in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 74, the amount of compensation referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, the conditions of distribution and payment thereof shall be established by the Government, after consultation with associations representing producers and importers of the said media and associations of collective administration of copyright and related rights. The compensation must not exceed 6 per cent of the wholesale price of a blank audio or audiovisual medium. The compensation to owners of the rights specified in paragraph 3 of this Article shall be distributed and paid by associations of collective administration of copyright and related rights, approved by the institution authorised by the Government. Not more than 25 per cent of this compensation may, in the manner prescribed by law, be used for programmes for the support of creative activities.

6. The compensation referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article the importers must pay to the account of the association of collective administration of copyright or related rights, approved by the institution authorised by the Government, at the time of customs clearance before the goods are placed in free circulation, unless otherwise provided for in an agreement between the importer and this association of collective administration.

Article 21. Quotation

1.	It shall be permissible, without the authorisation of the author or any other owner of copyright, to reproduce a relatively short passage of a published work or a work made available to the public, both in the original and translated language, in the form of a quotation in another work, provided that such reproduction is compatible with fair practice and its extent does not exceed that justified by the purpose.

2.	When quoting, mention must be made of the source, and of the name of the author, if it appears thereon.

Article 22. Reproduction of a Work for Teaching and Scientific Research Purposes

1.	The following shall be permitted without the authorisation of the author of a work or any other owner of copyright in this work, and without the payment of a remuneration, but mentioning, when possible, the source and the name of the author:

1) reproduction for teaching and scientific research purposes of short published works or a short extract of a published work, by way of illustration, in writings, sound or visual recordings, provided that this is related to study programmes and does not exceed the extent justified by the purpose;

2) reproduction for non-commercial educational, teaching and scientific research purposes of lawfully published works in the form intended for people having hearing or visual impairment, to the extent required by the specific disability, with the exception of works specifically created for this purpose;

3) use for the purpose of research or private study of the works kept in publicly accessible libraries, educational establishments, museums or archives, by communication or making them available to the public by dedicated terminals on the premises of the said institutions.

2. In order to establish whether a work has been used for non-commercial purposes, notice must be taken of the purpose of use. Legal form, organisational structure and methods of financing shall not constitute deciding factors in this case.

Article 23. Reprographic Reproduction of Works

1. Without the authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright in a work, it shall be permissible to reproduce on paper the following by means of reprography (effected by the use of any kind of photographic technique or by some other process having similar effects):

1) a published article or any other short work, or a short extract of a writing, with or without illustrations, not for direct or indirect commercial advantage, provided that such reproduction is a separate single act. Repeated acts of such reproduction shall be permissible if they are done on unrelated occasions;

2) a work kept in publicly accessible libraries, educational establishments, museums or archives, except the work made available to the public over computer networks (the Internet), not for direct or indirect commercial advantage, when a copy of the work is made for the purpose of preservation or replacement of a lost, destroyed or rendered unusable copy from the fonds or collections of the said institutions, or for the purpose of replacement of a lost, destroyed or unfit for use copy from the permanent collection of another similar library or archive, if it is impossible to obtain such a copy by other acceptable means, and if the act of such reproduction is a separate single act. Repeated acts of such reproduction shall be permissible if they are done on unrelated occasions.

2. The provisions of subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be applied when reproducing on paper the whole text of a book or a major part thereof, or sheet music by means of reprography (effected by the use of any kind of photographic technique or by some other process having similar effects).

3. The author and publishers shall be entitled to fair compensation for reproduction on paper by means of reprography (effected by the use of any kind of photographic technique or by some other process having similar effects) of works referred to in subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1 of this Article. Such compensation shall be paid by the persons providing fee-paying services of reprographic reproduction. The Government shall establish the amount of compensation which takes account of application or non-application of technological measures specified in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 74 of this Article, as well as the conditions of distribution and payment thereof. Compensation for authors and producers shall be collected, distributed and paid by the association of collective administration of copyright approved by the institution authorised by the Government.

Article 24. Use of a Work for Information Purposes

1.	The following acts shall be permitted without the authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright in a work:

1) reproduction by the press, communication to the public or making available of published articles on current economic, political or religious topics or of broadcast works of the same character, in cases where such use is not expressly

reserved by the authors or other owners of copyright in such works, and as long as the source, including the author's name, is indicated;

2) use of literary and artistic works the place of performance or display of which renders information on public events or current events in the press, radio or television, provided that such use is justified by the informatory purpose and constitutes additional information material, and the source, including the author’s name, is indicated, unless this turns out to be impossible;

3) use in newspapers or periodicals, or communication to the public in any other mode of political speeches, reports, lectures or other works of a similar nature delivered in public, as well as speeches delivered during court proceedings, to the extent justified by the informatory purpose and as long as the source, including the author’s name, is indicated, unless this turns out to be impossible;

4) reproduction or communication to the public for the purpose of advertising the public exhibition or sale of artistic works, to the extent necessary to promote the event, excluding any other commercial use;

5) reproduction and communication to the public of a work in connection with the demonstration or repair of equipment.

2. The provisions of subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to the exclusive right to compile or authorise the compiling of collections of such works.

Article 25. Use of a Work for the Purpose of Caricature or Parody

It shall be permissible, without the authorisation of an author or any other owner of copyright, and without compensation, to use a work for the purpose of caricature or parody.

Article 26. Use of a Work during Religious Celebrations

It shall be permissible, without the authorisation of an author or any other owner of copyright, and without compensation, to reproduce and make available to the public a work use during religious celebrations.

Article 27. Use of a Work for the purposes of Public Security

It shall be permissible, without the authorisation of an author or any other owner of copyright, and without a remuneration, to reproduce and communicate to the public a work for the purposes of public security or to ensure the proper performance or reporting of administrative, parliamentary or judicial proceedings.

Article 28. Limitations to Copyright in Works of Architecture and Sculptures

1. It shall be permissible to carry out the following acts without the authorisation of an author and without a remuneration:

1) to reproduce and make available to the public works of architecture and sculptures, made to be located permanently in public places., except exhibitions and museums;

2) to use a project, design, sketch or model of a building or any other construction works for the purpose of reconstructing this building or construction works.

2. The provisions of subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be applied when a work of architecture or a sculpture is the main subject of representation in the reproduction, and when this is done for direct or indirect commercial advantage.

3. The provisions of subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not grant the right to reproduce works of architecture in the form of buildings or other construction works, and to make copies of sculptures.

Article 29. Temporary Reproduction of a Work

It shall be permissible to carry out the following acts without the authorisation of an author or any other owner of copyright, and without a remuneration:

1) to carry out temporary acts of reproduction which are transient or incidental and an integral and essential part of a technological process and whose sole purpose is to enable an efficient transmission in a network between third persons by an intermediary, or a lawful use of a work to be made (when it is permitted by the owner of copyright or is not restricted by this Law), and which have no independent economic significance;

2) to make ephemeral recordings of works made by broadcasting organisations or a person acting on behalf of and under the responsibility of the broadcasting organisation by means of their own facilities and for their own broadcasts.

2. Recordings specified in subparagraph 2 of paragraph 1 of this Article may be preserved for a period not exceeding 30 days and must be erased after their use for broadcasting. The recordings of an exceptional documentary character may be transferred to official State archives for preservation.

Article 30. Making of a Back-up Copies and Reproduction for Adaptation of Computer Programmes

1.	A person who has a right to use a computer programme, shall, without the authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright, have the right to make back-up copies of the computer programme or to adapt the computer programme, provided that such copies or adaptation of the programme are necessary:

1) for the use of the computer program in accordance with its intended purpose, including for error correction;

2) for the use of a back-up copy of the lawfully acquired computer programme, in the event the computer programme is lost, destroyed or becomes unfit for use.

2.	The person having a right to use a copy of a computer programme shall be entitled, without the authorisation of the author or any other owner of copyright in the programme, to observe, study or test the functioning of the programme in order to determine the ideas and principles which underlie any element of the program if he does so while performing the acts he is entitled to do (loads, displays, transmits or stores the data of the programme.

3.	No copy or adaptation of a computer programme shall, without the authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright, be used for goals other than those set out in paragraph 1 of this Article.

4. Any agreements impeding the performance of the acts provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall be null and void.

Article 31. Decompilation of Computer Programmes

1. The authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright shall not be required where reproduction of the code of a computer programme or translation of its form are indispensable to obtain the information necessary to achieve the interoperability of an independently created computer programme with other programs, provided that the following conditions are met:

1) these acts are performed by the licensee or another person having a right to use a copy of a program, or on their behalf by a person authorised to do so;

2) the information necessary to achieve the interoperability of the programmes has not been previously readily available to the persons referred to in subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1 of this Article;

3) these acts are confined to the parts of the original programme which are necessary to achieve interoperability.

2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not permit the information obtained through its application:

1) to be used for goals other than to achieve the interoperability of the independently created computer programme;

2) to be given to other persons, except when necessary for the interoperability of the independently created programme;

3) to be used for the development, production or marketing of a computer programme substantially similar in its expression, or for any other act which infringes copyright.

3. Any agreements impeding any of the acts set out in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be null and void.

Article 32. Use of Databases

1. A lawful user of a database or a copy thereof shall have the right, without the authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright, to perform the acts set out in paragraph 1 of Article 15 of this Law, provided that such acts are necessary for the purposes of access to, and an appropriate use of the contents of the database by the legitimate user of the database.

2. Where a lawful user of a database is authorised to use only a certain part of the database, the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall apply only to that part.

3. Any agreements impeding any of the acts set out in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be null and void.

4. A database which has been published or otherwise communicated to the public may, without the authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright, be used for the purpose of illustration for teaching or scientific research, as long as the source is indicated and to the extent justified by the non-commercial purpose to be achieved, as well as for the purpose of public and State security or for the purposes of an administrative or judicial procedure.

Article 33. Display of Works

The public display of an original work of fine arts or a copy thereof shall be permitted, without the authorisation of the author or other owner of copyright, and without pursuing direct or indirect commercial purposes, if a work has been sold or its ownership has been otherwise transferred to another natural or legal person and where the author or any other owner of copyright in the work knows or has reasonable grounds to know that such a public display (exhibition) of works constitutes part of the regular economic activities of the natural or legal person who has acquired the work.

Section 5

TermS of PROTECTION OF Copyright

Article 34. Duration of Copyright

1.	Author’s economic rights shall run for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death, irrespective of the date when the work is lawfully made available to the public.

2.	The protection of the author’s moral rights shall be of unlimited duration.

Article 35. Special Duration of the Economic Rights of Authors

1.	The duration of the authors’ economic rights in a joint work shall run for the life of co-authors and for 70 years after the death of the last surviving author.

2.	In the case of anonymous and pseudonymous works, the term of protection of the authors’ economic rights shall run for 70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public. However, when the pseudonym adopted by the author leaves no doubt as to his identity, or if the author discloses his identity during the prescribed period, the term of protection of the author’s economic rights shall run for the life of the author and for 70 years after his death.

3.	In the case of collective works, the term of protection of the authors’ economic rights shall run for 70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public. In cases where the natural persons who have created the work leave no doubt as to their identity, provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall apply.

4.	The term of protection of authors’ economic rights in an audiovisual work shall extend over the life of the principal director, author of the screenplay, author of the dialogue, art director, director of photography and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work, and for 70 years after the death of the last of them to survive.

Article 36. Economic Rights of Authors in a Work Published after the Expiry

of Copyright Protection

1.	A natural or legal person who, after the expiry of copyright protection, for the first time lawfully publishes or lawfully communicates to the public a previously unpublished work, shall benefit from a protection equivalent to the exclusive economic rights in the work, laid down in paragraph 1 of Article 15 of this Law.

2.	The duration of the rights specified in paragraph 1 of this Article shall extend over 25 years from the date of the first lawful publication of the work or the first lawful communication to the public of the work.

Article 37. Calculation of Copyright Protection

1.	The terms laid down in Articles 34-36 shall be calculated from the first day of January of the year following the event which gives rise to them.

2. Where a work is published in separate units (volumes, parts, issues, or episodes), the term of protection shall be calculated for each separate item from the date of its lawful publication.

Section 6

Transfer of Authors’ Economic Rights and Granting of Licences. Copyright AGREEMENTS

Article 38. Transfer of Authors’ Economic Rights

1.	The authors’ economic rights may be transferred by an agreement, by testamentary succession or by other procedure prescribed by law.

2.	Transfer of author’s economic rights may be full or partial, subject or not subject to payment.

3.	It shall not be permitted to transfer the right in all future works of an author. Transfer of the author’s economic rights may not be applied to the modes of use of a work, which at the moment of the transfer of the author’s economic rights do not exist or are unknown.

4.	The authors’ moral rights shall not be subject to transfer to other persons. They exist independently of the author’s economic rights and are retained by the author even after the transfer of the economic rights to other persons.

Article 39. Copyright Agreements

1.	Under a copyright agreement one party (an author or a holder of his rights) shall transfer or grant the other party (a successor in title or licensee) the authors’ economic rights in a literary, scientific or artistic work or undertakes to create in future a work stipulated in the agreement and to transfer or grant the other party the authors’ economic rights in the said work, and the other party shall undertake to use the work or to commence using it on the terms and conditions stipulated in the agreement and to pay a set remuneration, unless otherwise provided for in the agreement.

2.	An author may transfer the economic rights laid down in paragraph 1 of Article 15 to other persons under a copyright agreement on the transfer of rights, or grant them under a copyright licensing agreement (exclusive or nonexclusive licence). A licence shall be deemed to be exclusive only if the licensing agreement contains the words to that effect. A person to who the author’s economic rights are transferred shall be regarded as a successor in title of the author’s economic rights.

3.	Agreements pertaining to the provision of editing, teaching, consulting, organisational and technical services or other services shall not be regarded as copyright agreements. Agreements the subject matter of which is not the transfer or granting of author’s economic rights in a work shall not be regarded as copyright agreements.

Article 40. Terms and Conditions of Copyright Agreements

1. A copyright agreement for the transfer of economic rights and a copyright licensing agreement must stipulate the following terms and conditions:

1) the title of a work (titles of the works by foreign authors shall be indicated in the original language), except the licences issued by associations of collective administration;

2) types of the authors’ economic rights to be transferred or granted (mode of the exploitation of a work), as well as a type of the licence (the exclusive or nonexclusive licence);

3) the territory covered;

4) the term of validity;

5) the amount of remuneration, the procedure and terms of payment;

6) dispute settlement procedure and liability of the parties;

7) other conditions considered to be important to the parties.

2. If the agreement does not specify the duration of the economic rights transferred or the licence granted, any of the parties may terminate the agreement by informing in writing the other party of the termination thereof one year in advance. If a copyright agreement does not indicate the territory covered, it shall be considered that the economic rights are transferred on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania.

3. If all author’s economic rights are transferred under a copyright agreement, it shall be considered that such rights are transferred only for the modes of use of a work stipulated in the agreement.

4. If modes of use of a work are not stipulated in a copyright agreement, it shall be considered that the agreements is concluded only for those modes of use of the work which are necessary for the parties to achieve the purpose which is the reason of the conclusion of the agreement.

Article 41. Copyright Agreements for Commissioned Works

1. Pursuant to the copyright agreement for a commissioned work, the author shall undertake to create a work corresponding to the requirements of the agreement, and to transfer the economic rights in that work or to grant the right to use that work to the person commissioning the work by indicating the mode of the exploitation of the work, whereas the person commissioning the work shall undertake to pay the remuneration to the author agreed by the parties, unless otherwise provided for by the agreement.

2. The right of ownership in the work of fine art created under the copyright agreement for commissioned works shall be transferred to the person commissioning the work, unless otherwise provided for by the agreement.

Article 42. Form of Copyright Agreements

1. Copyright agreements for the transfer of rights, copyright licensing agreements and copyright agreements for commissioned works shall be concluded in writing. A written form of an agreement shall not be required in respect of an agreement for the publication of a work in periodicals.

2. Where computer programmes and electronic databases, fixed in material media, are distributed through the trading channels of distribution, the right to use a computer programme or an electronic database shall be granted under a licensing agreement which is contained in the package of a computer programme or database and submitted to the purchaser (package licence). The terms and conditions stipulated by the package licence shall be binding on a user of the computer programme or the electronic database. They shall be presented in compliance with the requirements set out in the Law on Consumer Protection and the Law on the State Language. When computer programmes and electronic databases are transmitted over computer networks, the right to use a computer programme or a database may be granted to the user by a licensing agreement which is presented in the electronic form and which must be confirmed by the user prior to the use of the computer programme or the electronic database.

3. The grounds for the invalidity of copyright agreements shall be determined by the norms regarding the invalidity of transactions provided for by the Civil Code.

Article 43. Publishing Agreement

1. Under the publishing agreement the author or any other owner of copyright shall, for a remuneration set in the agreement, transfer or grant the publisher the right to reproduce by means of printing or other mode a literary, scientific or artistic work by producing an amount of copies sufficient to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the public, as well as the right to distribute them.

2. The manuscript of a work, its copy or another medium from which the work is reproduced shall belong to the author by the right of ownership, unless otherwise provided for in the agreement.

3. Provisions regulating legal relations of publishing shall not apply to periodicals and other collective works.

Article 44. Form and Terms and Conditions of a Publishing Agreement

1. A publishing agreement shall be concluded in writing.

2. A publishing agreement may, apart from the terms and conditions laid down in Articles 40 and 41 of this Law, provide for the procedure and (or) mode of the presentation of a work, procedure and time limits of approving of the work, author’s rights and responsibilities when preparing the work for publishing (altering, revision, proof-reading, etc. of the work), the biggest and (or) smallest amount of copies of the work which is being published, procedure for distribution thereof, the number of copies (author’s copies) of the published work to be transferred to the author, and other terms and conditions.

Article 45. Publisher’s Duties under the Publishing Agreement

1. Under the publishing agreement, the publisher must:

1) publish a work in an agreed mode and form within the time limits set in the agreement, without any alterations lacking author’s consent, and indicate on each copy of the published work the author’s name or pseudonym indicated by the author, or any other information identifying the author;

2) submit a work prepared for publication to the author to familiarise himself with, unless otherwise provided for in the agreement;

3) commence distribution of the published work at the set time and on the set conditions;

4) ensure that commercial distribution of the work would correspond to the usual practice in the publishing field;

5) calculate and pay remuneration in accordance with the set terms and procedure;

6) return to the author an original (manuscript) of the work, it copy or any other medium from which the work has been reproduced, unless otherwise provided for in the agreement;

7) at the author’s request, furnish necessary written information together with necessary documents, or their copies, indicating the number of copies of the published work, income received from the sold copies of the published work, and the calculated remuneration.

2. If after the expiry of one year from the first publication of a work, the second edition or additional edition is produced, the publisher must inform the author in advance so that the latter would, within a reasonable period of time, be able to make necessary alterations to the work. Such alterations must not change the character of the work and increase unreasonably the expenses related to the publication of the work.

3. If a work was not published within the time limits stipulated in the agreement, the author may terminate the agreement even in the cases when this happened through no fault of the publisher. In this case the remuneration paid to the author under the agreement shall be left to the author. The author, who incurred losses which the remuneration fails to cover, may claim damages.

Article 46. Author’s Duties under the Publishing Agreement

Under the publishing agreement an author:

1) must submit to a publisher for reproduction a work in an appropriate form within the time limits stipulated in the agreement;

2) must submit an original work created by him, which corresponds to the conditions set out in the agreement and which does not violate the rights of other persons;

3) must not, without a written consent of the publisher, transfer or grant the third persons the right to a work or part thereof, stipulated in the agreement, i.e. must not permit the use of the work in the same manner within the period of time set in the agreement, and if such period of time is not set in the agreement – within three years from the date of the publication of the work.

Article 47. Publishing of A Work as a Book

1. When a work is published as a book, the following must, apart from the conditions set out in Article 45 of this Law, be indicated in a publishing agreement:

1) a language or languages in which a work must be published;

2) a style of finish of a publication (format, cover, illustration and other).

2. If the publishing agreement does not specify a language or languages in which a work must be published, a publisher shall have the right to publish the work only in the language of the original.

3. If the publisher does not publish a work in all the languages stipulated in the publishing agreement within five years from the transfer of the work, the author may terminate the agreement on the publication of the work in the remaining languages.

4. Paragraph 3 of this Article shall apply to translations of works of foreign authors into the Lithuanian and other languages.

Article 48. Amount and Procedure of Payment of Remuneration under a Copyright Agreement

1. The amount of remuneration payable under a copyright agreement shall be determined by an agreement between the parties, unless otherwise provided for by the Law.

2. Author’s remuneration determined by the agreement shall be calculated as a certain percent of the revenue obtained by the user for each mode of use of the work, as a lump sum or in any other way specified by the agreement. The parties to an agreement may provide for an advance payment of the whole or part of remuneration.

3. If the amount of remuneration is calculated as a certain percent of the revenue obtained for each mode of use of the work, the author or any other owner of copyright shall have the right to get information on the extent of use of the work, agreements concluded by the user and his revenues obtained from the use of the work.

Article 49. Inheritance of Economic Rights of Authors and Procedure for the Protection of Moral Rights of Authors

1. Economic rights of authors shall be inherited by the operation of law or by testamentary succession.

2. The author shall be entitled to designate a person to whom he entrusts the protection of his moral rights according to the same procedure which is applied for the designation of the executor of the will. In the absence of such instructions, an author’s moral rights shall be protected by his heirs. In the absence of any heirs, as well as after the expiry of author’s economic rights, as provided for in this Law, the protection of author’s moral rights shall be executed by an institution authorised by the Government.

Article 50. Alienation of the Right of Ownership in a Work

1. Copyright in a work shall not be related to the right of ownership in the material expression in which the work is embodied. If the author or other owner of copyright alienates the right of ownership in the material expression of the work, he shall not be deemed to have transferred his economic rights or to have granted a licence for the exploitation of the work, unless otherwise provided for by an agreement.

2. The author or other owner of copyright, who has transferred his economic rights or granted a licence for the exploitation of a work, shall not be deemed to have alienated the right of ownership in the material expression in which the work is embodied.

Chapter III

Related Rights

Article 51. Conditions for the Enforcement of Related Rights

1. Related rights shall be exercised without prejudice to the copyright in literary, artistic and scientific works provided for in Chapter II of this Law.

2. When notifying about their related rights, producers of phonograms and/or performers shall be entitled to place on each copy of a phonogram or on each container of a phonogram a notice consisting of the letter P in a circle, the name (title) of the owner of exclusive related rights and the year of the first publication of a phonogram.

3. Unless otherwise proved, it shall be considered that a natural or legal person whose name is indicated in a phonogram in a regular manner, is a producer of such phonogram.

Article 52. Moral Rights of Performers

1. A performer, independently of his exclusive economic rights, and even after the transfer of those rights to other persons, shall retain his moral rights in his direct (live) performance or the fixation of his performance. A performer shall have the right to claim to be identified as the performer in connection with any use of his performance or the fixation thereof, and to object to any distortion or other modification of his performance or the fixation thereof, as well as other derogatory action in relation thereto which would be prejudicial to his honour or reputation.

2. A performer’s moral rights shall not be subject to transfer to other persons. After the death of the performer, his moral rights shall be protected in conformity with the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 49 of this Law.

Article 53. Economic Rights of Performers

1. A performer shall enjoy the exclusive right of authorising or prohibiting:

1) the broadcasting, retransmission or other communication to the public of his unfixed performance, except where the performance is itself already a television or radio broadcast;

2) the fixation of his unfixed performance;

3) reproduction of a fixation of his performance;

4) making available to the public of a fixation of his performance;

5) distribution of the original or copies of a fixation of his performance by sale, rental, lending or any other form of transfer of ownership or possession, as well as by importing or exporting them.

2. The right referred to in subparagraphs 4 of paragraph 1 of this Article of authorising the making available to the public of a fixation of the performance shall include its transmission by wire or wireless means, in such a way that members of the public may access it from a place and at a time individually chosen by them (e.g. over computer networks (the Internet) on demand or in other ways).

3. The exclusive right of distribution referred to in subparagraph 5 of paragraph 1 of this Article, except for the rental and lending of a fixation of a performance or its copies, shall be exhausted on the territory of the Republic of Lithuanian in respect of the fixation of the performance or copies of the fixation of the performance which have been sold in the Republic of Lithuania by the performer or his successor in title, or under the authorisation of any of them, and which have been lawfully released into circulation.

4. When concluding an agreement concerning a audiovisual fixation of his performance with a producer of the audiovisual work, the performer shall transfer the rights stipulated in subparagraphs 1, 3, 4, and 5 of paragraph 1 of this Article to the producer, unless otherwise provided for by an agreement. The amount of remuneration shall be determined by an agreement between the parties for each individual economic right in the performance transferred (a mode of use of an audiovisual fixation of the performance). After the transfer of the right of rental of the original audiovisual fixation of the performance or the copies thereof to the producer of audiovisual work, the performer shall retain the unwaivable right to receive an equitable remuneration for the rental of the audiovisual fixation of the performance or copies thereof.

5. Where a performer transfers the right of rental of his performance fixed in a phonogram to a producer of the phonogram by virtue of an agreement, the performer shall retain the unwaivable right to receive an equitable remuneration for the rental of the phonogram or copies thereof.

6. The rights to a remuneration referred to in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article shall be enforced only through the association of collective administration of related rights. This remuneration shall be paid by natural and legal persons who rent phonograms or audiovisual fixations as the persons to whom the right to rent the said phonograms, audiovisual fixations or their copies has been granted.

7. At the request of a performer or an association of collective administration of related rights, a producer of an audiovisual work must furnish to the performer or the association of collective administration of related rights the information necessary for the enforcement of the rights provided for in paragraph 4 of this Article.

Article 54. Rights of Producers of Phonograms

1. The producer of a phonogram shall have the exclusive rights to authorise or to prohibit any of the following acts:

1) reproduction of a phonogram;

2) publication of a phonogram;

3) making available to the public of a phonogram or its copies;

4) distribution of a phonogram or its copies thereof to the public by sale, rental or lending, or any other form of transfer of ownership or possession, as well as by importing or exporting.

2. The right referred to in subparagraphs 3 of paragraph 1 of this Article of authorising the making available to the public of a phonogram or its copies shall include its transmission by wire or wireless means, in such a way that members of the public may access it from a place and at a time individually chosen by them (e.g. over computer networks (the Internet) on demand or in other ways).

3. The right of distribution of a phonogram or copies thereof, provided for in subparagraph 4 of paragraph 1 of this Article, except for the rental and lending of a phonogram or copies thereof, shall be exhausted on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania in respect of the phonogram or the copies thereof, which have been sold in the Republic of Lithuania by the producer of the phonogram or his successor in title, or under the authorisation of any of them, and which have been lawfully released into circulation.

Article 55. Right to Remuneration for Broadcasting or Communication to the Public

1.	Performers and producers of phonograms shall enjoy the right to an equitable remuneration for the direct or indirect use of phonograms published (regardless of the place of their publication) for commercial purposes for broadcasting, retransmission or for any communication to the public. The remuneration must be paid by natural or legal persons who use the phonograms or copies thereof. The amount of remuneration and the conditions of the payment thereof shall be determined in an agreement concluded between users of phonograms and associations of collective administration of related rights. The amount of remuneration shall be fixed in per cents of user’s receipts or a concrete sum of money. This remuneration shall be distributed in equal shares between the performers and producers of phonograms, unless otherwise provided for by the mutual agreement.

2.	If producers of phonograms and associations of collective administration of related rights do not agree on the amount of remuneration and terms of payment thereof, each of the parties may appeal to the Council of Copyright and Related Rights of Lithuania or any other mediator requesting to mediate in negotiations. If the parties do not accept the proposal submitted in such negotiations, the amount and terms of payment shall be set by the court.

3.	The remuneration referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be collected and distributed to performers and producers of phonograms by the association of collective administration of related rights which administers the rights of such character on the Territory of the Republic of Lithuania, taking into account the provisions of Chapter V of this Law.

4.	The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be exercised without prejudice to the authors’ right to obtain remuneration for the use of works fixed in phonograms.

Article 56. Rights of Broadcasting Organisations

1.	Broadcasting organisations shall have the exclusive rights to authorise or to prohibit any of the following acts:

1) retransmission of their broadcasts;

2) cable retransmission of their broadcasts;

3) fixation of their broadcasts;

4) reproduction of fixations of their broadcasts;

5) communication to the public of their broadcasts, if such communication is made in places accessible to the public against payment of an entrance fee;

6) making available to the public of fixations of their broadcasts or their copies, including transmission over computer networks (the Internet);

7) distribution of fixations of their broadcasts or copies thereof by sale or by other transfer of ownership or possession, as well as by importing or exporting.

2.	Cable retransmission operators which merely retransmit the broadcasts of broadcasting organisations, shall not have the rights provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article in respect of the broadcasts retransmitted.

3.	The exclusive right of distribution of fixations of broadcasts or copies thereof, as referred to in subparagraph 7 of paragraph 1 of this Article, shall be exhausted on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania in respect of the fixations of a broadcast or a copy thereof, which have been sold by the broadcasting organisation or its successor in title, or under the authorisation of any of them, and which has been lawfully released into circulation in the Republic of Lithuania.

Article 57. Rights of Producers of the First Fixation of an Audiovisual Work (Film)

1.	A producer of the first fixation of an audiovisual work (film) shall enjoy the exclusive rights to authorise or to prohibit any of the following acts:

1) reproduction of the fixation of an audiovisual work (film) or a copy thereof;

2) broadcasting, retransmission or other communication to the public of the fixation of an audiovisual work (film);

3) distribution of the fixation of an audiovisual work (film) or copies thereof by sale, rental or lending, or by other transfer ownership or possession thereof, as well as by importing and exporting;

4) making available to the public of the fixation of an audiovisual work (film) or copies thereof, including transmission over computer networks (the Internet).

2.	The exclusive right of distribution of the copies of the fixation of an audiovisual work (film) or copies thereof as referred to in subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 of this Article, except for the rental and lending right, shall be exhausted on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania in respect of the fixation of an audiovisual work (film) or copies thereof, which have been sold by the producer, his successor in title, or under the authorisation of any of them, and which have been lawfully released into circulation in the Republic of Lithuania.

Article 58. Limitations of Related Rights

1.	It shall be permitted, without the authorisation of the owner of related rights and without the payment of a remuneration, to use a performance, a phonogram, a fixation of an audiovisual work (film) and a broadcast of a broadcasting organisation or fixations thereof, for:

1) temporary acts of reproduction which are transient or incidental and an integral and essential part of a technological process and whose sole purpose is to enable a transmission in a network between third parties by an intermediary, or a lawful (when this is permitted by an owner of related rights or does not restricted by this Law) use of an object of related rights to be made, provided that such temporary acts of reproduction have no independent economic significance;

2) reproduction of short extracts from objects of related rights in reports of current events, to the extent justified by the informatory purpose;

3) use for the purpose of research or private study of the objects of related rights kept in publicly accessible libraries, educational establishments, museums or archives, by communication or making them available to the public by dedicated terminals on the premises of the said institutions, provided that the owners of related rights do not prohibit such use;

4) when reproducing an object of related rights in publicly accessible libraries, educational establishments, museums or archives, except the work made available to the public over computer networks (the Internet), not for direct or indirect commercial or economic advantage, when a copy of the work is made for the purpose of preservation or replacement of a lost, destroyed or rendered unusable copy, or for the purpose of replacement of a lost, destroyed or unfit for use copy from the permanent collection of another similar library or archive, if it is impossible to obtain such a copy by other acceptable means, and if such reproduction is a separate single act. Repeated acts of such reproduction shall be permissible if they are done on unrelated occasions;

5) making of ephemeral recordings of objects of related rights made by broadcasting organisations or a person acting on behalf of and under the responsibility of the broadcasting organisation by means of their own facilities and for their own broadcasts. Such recordings may be preserved for a period not exceeding 30 days and must be erased after their use for broadcasting. The recordings of an exceptional documentary character may be transferred to official State archives for preservation;

6) reproduction for the benefit of people with a hearing disability, which is directly related to the disability and of a non-commercial nature, to the extent required by this disability;

7) use for the sole purpose of illustration for teaching or scientific research, as criticism or review, as long as the source, including the author's name, is indicated, unless this turns out to be impossible and to the extent justified by the non-commercial purpose to be achieved;

8) use for the purposes of public security or to ensure the proper performance or reporting of administrative, parliamentary or judicial proceedings;

9) reproduction and use during religious celebrations;

10) incidental inclusion of an object of related rights in other material;

11) use for the purpose of caricature or parody;

12) use in connection with the demonstration or repair of equipment.

2.	It shall be permissible, without the authorisation of an owner of related rights, for a natural person to reproduce for private use and for ends that are neither directly nor indirectly commercial, not more than one copy of performance, phonogram, audiovisual work (film) or broadcast of a broadcasting organisation. Compensation for reproduction of an object of related rights for private use shall be paid to owners of related rights in accordance with the procedure established in Article 20 of this Law.

3.	Limitations of related rights specified in paragraph 1 of this Article must not conflict with a normal exploitation of the objects of the said rights and must not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of performers, producers of phonograms, producers of the first fixation of an audiovisual work or broadcasting organisations.

4.	The right of performers, producers of phonograms, producers of the first fixation of an audiovisual work (film) and broadcasting organisations in respect of cable retransmission shall be exercised only through associations of collective administration of related rights in conformity with the procedure established in paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 65 of this Law. This provision shall not apply to the rights of a broadcasting organisation in respect of its own broadcasts or programmes, irrespective of whether the rights concerned are its own or have been transferred to it by other owners of copyright or related rights.

Article 59. Duration of Related Rights

1.	The rights of performers shall run for 50 years after the date of the performance. If a fixation of the performance is lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public within this period, the rights of performers shall run for fifty years from the date of the first such publication or the first such communication to the public, whichever is the earlier. The protection of the moral rights of performers shall be of unlimited duration.

2.	The rights of producers of phonograms shall run for 50 years after the fixation is made. If the phonogram is lawfully published during this period, the rights shall expire 50 years from the date of the first such publication. If the phonogram is not lawfully published within 50 years after the fixation is made, however, it is lawfully communicated to the public within the said period, the rights shall expire 50 years from the date of the lawful communication to the public of the phonogram.

3.	The rights of broadcasting organisations shall run for 50 years after the first transmission of a broadcast, irrespective of whether this broadcast is transmitted by wire or over the air, including by cable or satellite.

4.	The rights of producers of the first fixation of an audiovisual work (film) shall run for 50 years after the fixation is made. If the audiovisual work (film) is lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public during this period, the rights shall expire 50 years from the date of the first such publication or the first such communication to the public, whichever is the earlier.

5.	The duration specified in this Article shall be calculated from the first day of January of the year following the juridical fact which gives rise to the calculation of the duration.

Article 60. Transfer of Economic Rights and Grant of Licences

1.	Economic rights of performers provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 53 of this Law may be transferred by an agreement, by testamentary succession or in accordance with other procedure prescribed by law.

2.	Economic rights of producers of phonograms, broadcasting organisations and producers of the first fixation of an audiovisual work (film) may be transferred by an agreement or in accordance with other procedure established by law.

3.	Economic rights of performers, producers of phonograms, broadcasting organisations and producers of the first fixation of an audiovisual work (film) in respect of objects of related rights may be granted by a licensing agreement.

4.	Provisions of Articles 38 – 46, 48 and 50 of this Law shall apply in respect of agreements for the transfer of related economic rights and licensing agreements for the grant of economic rights.

5.	Where a work is performed by a group (choir, ensemble, orchestra, group of actors, etc.), an agreement for the transfer of performer’s economic rights and a licensing agreement shall be concluded by a representative authorised by the group. In the absence of such authorisation, an agreement may be concluded by the leader of the group.

6. Where a performer performs a work in the execution of his duties or following the instructions given by his employer, the performer’s economic rights provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 53 of this Law shall be transferred to the employer for a period of five years, unless otherwise provided for by an agreement.

Chapter IV

RIGHTS OF MAKERS OF Databases

(sui generis right)

Article 61. Rights of Makers of Databases

1.	The maker of a database who shows that he has made a substantial qualitative and/or quantitative (intellectual, financial, organisational) investment in obtaining, arrangement, verification and presentation of the contents of that database shall have the right to prohibit the following acts:

1)	permanent or temporary transfer of all or a substantial part of the contents of a database to another medium by any means or in any form;

2)	any form of making available to the public of all or a substantial part of the contents of a database by the distribution of copies, by renting them, by transmitting all or a substantial part of the contents of a database over computer networks (the Internet) or any other mode of transmission.

2.	The rights of makers of databases referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article may be transferred to other persons under the agreement, hereditary succession or in accordance with other procedure prescribed by law.

3.	The rights of makers of databases shall be protected without prejudice to copyright in the making of a database and to copyright or related rights in the works or objects of related rights contained in the database.

4.	The exclusive right of distribution of copies of a database shall be exhausted in respect of the copies of a database, which have been sold by the maker of the database, or under his authorisation, and which have been lawfully released into circulation.

Article 62. Rights and Obligations of Lawful Users of Databases

1.	The maker of a database which is lawfully made available to the public in whatever manner may not prevent lawful users of the database from extracting and re-utilising insubstantial parts of its contents, evaluated qualitatively and/or quantitatively, for any purposes whatsoever.

2.	Where a lawful user is authorised to use only certain parts of the database, the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall apply only to those parts of the database.

3.	A lawful user of a database which is lawfully made available to the public in whatever manner may not perform acts which conflict with normal exploitation of the database or unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the maker of the database.

4.	A lawful user of a database which is lawfully made available to the public in any manner must not cause prejudice to the rights of the owners of copyright and related rights in respect of works or subject matter contained in the database.

5.	Any agreements contrary to paragraphs 1 - 4 of this Article shall be null and void.

Article 63. Limitations of Rights of Makers of Databases

1.	A lawful user of a database which is made available to the public in whatever manner may, without the authorisation of its maker, extract or re-utilise a substantial part of its contents:

1) in the case of extraction for private purposes of the contents of a non-electronic database;

2) in the case of extraction for the purposes of illustration for teaching or scientific research in various fields, as long as the source is indicated and to the extent justified by the non-commercial purpose to be achieved;

3) in the case of extraction and re-utilisation for the purposes of public and state security, an administrative or judicial procedure.

2.	Repeated and systematic extractions and reutilization of small parts of the contents of a database shall be prohibited where such acts conflict with a normal exploitation of that database or unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the maker thereof.

Article 64. Term of Protection of Databases

1.	The rights of makers of databases provided for in Article 61 of this Law shall run for 15 years from the date of completion of the making of the database. If the database is made available to the public in whatever manner within this period, the rights of the maker of the database shall expire 15 years after the date of its making available to the public.

2.	Any substantial change, evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively, to the contents of a database, including any changes resulting from the accumulation of successive additions, deletions or alterations, which may be considered to be a substantial new investment, evaluated qualitatively or quantitatively, shall qualify the database resulting from that investment for its own term of protection.

3.	The term of protection of a database shall be calculated from the first day of January of the year following the date of completion or the date when the database was first made available to the public.

Chapter V

Collective Administration OF

Copyright and Related Rights

Article 65. Scope of Application of Collective Administration of Copyright and Related Rights

1.	Authors, performers, producers of phonograms, broadcasting organisations and other owners of copyright and related rights shall have the right to give the authorisation for the enforcement of their economic rights to associations of collective administration of copyright and related rights (hereinafter referred to as “collective administration associations”) established for this purpose.

2.	Collective administration of rights may be applied in the following spheres:

1) public performance of musical and literary works in any manner or form;

2) broadcasting, retransmission, other communication to the public of literary and artistic works (including background music), as well as making available to the public of objects of copyright and related rights over computer networks (the Internet);

3) resale of original works of art and manuscripts of literary or musical works;

4) cable retransmission of works and objects of related rights, except where they constitute a cable retransmission operator’s own programmes;

5) reproduction of musical and literary works in sound recordings (phonograms), reproduction of literary, musical and other artistic works in audiovisual fixations (audiovisual works);

6) broadcasting, retransmission or other communication to the public of phonograms published for commercial advantage (including background music);

7) rental and lending of works and objects of related rights, except for computer programmes and databases;

8) collecting of remuneration, specified in paragraph 4 of Article 11, paragraph 4 of Article 15, and paragraphs 4 and 5 of Article 53 of this Law, for the transfer of the exclusive right to rent a work or an object of related rights, or their copies;

9) reproduction of works of fine and applied art, photographs, charts and drawings in publications and advertising material;

10) reproduction on paper of works by means of reprography (effected by the use of any kind of photographic technique or by some other process having similar effects);

11) lending of books and other publications in libraries;

12) public display of works;

13) reproduction for private use of audiovisual works or works fixed in phonograms.

3.	The rights provided for in subparagraph 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, and 13 of paragraph 2 of this Article may only be enforced by way of collective administration.

4.	In the case where an owner of copyright or related rights has not authorised any collective administration association to enforce his exclusive right to permit cable retransmission of a work or an object of related rights, it shall be considered that such authorisation is held by the collective administration association which administers the rights of such character on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania. Such owner of copyright or related rights shall enjoy the same rights and obligations under agreements concluded by cable retransmission operators and a collective administration association as other owners of the rights which have granted such authorisation to the said association. If the exclusive rights to cable retransmission of works or objects of related rights are administered by more than one collective administration association, an owner of copyright or related rights may determine which of the said associations shall be considered as the one authorised to administer his rights.

5.	Cable retransmission operators and collective administration associations shall, by way of negotiations, agree on the granting of the rights in cable retransmission of works. If the parties to the negotiations fail to reach an agreement and to conclude an agreement concerning the rights to cable retransmission, each of them may appeal to the Council of Copyright and Related Rights of Lithuania or any other mediator, requesting mediation in the negotiations on the conclusion of an agreement. It shall be prohibited to terminate negotiations between the parties without valid reason, as well as to prevent individual owners of rights to participate in the negotiations.

Article 66. Collective Administration Association

1.	A collective administration association shall be established on the basis of a voluntary membership as an association of authors, performers, producers of phonograms, broadcasting organisations and other owners of copyright and related rights or their unions. A collective administration association shall be a non-profit organisation.

2.	A procedure for the establishment, registration, management, operation, reorganisation and liquidation of a collective administration association shall be regulated by this Law and by the Law on Associations.

3.	Collective administration associations shall not have the right to engage in commercial activities.

Article 67. Tasks and Functions of Collective Administration Associations

A collective administration association, on behalf of authors and owners of related rights whom or which it represents, and on the basis of the signed agreements concerning collective administration of rights, shall fulfil the following functions:

1) granting of non-exclusive licences to users for the exploitation of works or objects of related rights;

2) collection and recovery of remuneration for the exploitation of works or objects of related rights under the granted non-exclusive licences;

3) distribution and paying out of collected remuneration among the owners of copyright and related rights it represents;

4) defending the rights of owners of copyright and related rights it collectively administers, without any special authorisation in court and other institutions;

5) fulfilment of any other functions of collective administration of rights in compliance with agreements for collective administration of copyright and related rights.

Article 68. Methods of Operation of Collective Administration Associations

1.	Decisions concerning the methods and rules for the collection and distribution of the remuneration, the amount of deductions from the remuneration for covering the costs of collective administration, as well as other important aspects of collective administration of rights, shall be taken by the general meeting of the members of a collective administration association (the conference).

2.	The amount of remuneration payable under a licensing agreement for the right to use a work or any object of related rights shall be determined by a common agreement between collective administration associations and users. If no agreement is reached between the collective administration association and the user, any of the parties may apply for the mediation in their negotiations with regard to the amount of remuneration and the payment conditions thereof.

3.	Without the authorisation of the authors or other owners of copyright and related rights, whose rights are administered by the association, the collective administration association may not use the collected remuneration for the purposes (cultural, social or financing of advertising activities) other than the purposes of covering the actual costs of the administration of rights involved and distribution of the remuneration.

4.	The remuneration collected by collective administration associations must, after the deduction of the actual costs of collective administration of rights as well as costs for the collection and distribution of remuneration, be distributed among the authors and other owners of copyright and related rights in the most possible proportion to the actual use of their works and objects of related rights.

5.	Members of collective administration associations shall have the right to receive regular exhaustive information on all the activities of the collective administration association, exploitation of their works and other objects of related rights, the remuneration collected and the remuneration due (the procedure for the collection, distribution and payment of the remuneration), as well as other information related to the enforcement of their rights.

Article 69. Collective Administration of the Rights of Foreign Owners of Copyright and Related Rights

1.	Collective administration associations shall enforce the rights of foreign owners of copyright and related rights on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania on the basis of bilateral and multilateral agreements concluded with respective foreign collective administration associations authorised to represent these owners, or on the grounds of direct membership of foreign owners of copyright or related rights in Lithuanian collective administration associations.

2.	When implementing the rights of owners of copyright and related rights specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, Lithuanian collective administration associations must treat foreign authors and owners of related rights in the same manner they treat the authors and owners of related rights - members of collective administration associations who are citizens of the Republic of Lithuania or natural persons permanently residing in the Republic of Lithuania, or legal persons the headquarters of which are located in the Republic of Lithuania.

3.	Lithuanian collective administration associations shall ensure the right of foreign collective administration associations and the authors or owners of related rights represented by them to receive regular information on the collective administration of their rights in Lithuania (use of works or objects of related rights, remuneration collected) and other information related to the enforcement of their rights.

Article 70. Rights and Obligations of Users of Works and Objects of Related Rights

1.	Users of works or objects of related rights shall have the right to receive information from collective administration associations concerning the authors or owners of related rights represented, as well as information on the agreements concluded between collective administration associations with the respective foreign organisations.

2.	The users of works or objects of related rights must:

1) to create conditions for the representatives of collective administration associations full access to the information necessary for the fulfilment of the functions of collective administration of rights;

2) to provide collective administration associations with all information concerning the legitimacy of the use of works or objects of related rights, as well as information necessary for the collection and distribution of remuneration;

3) not later than 3 days before the exploitation of works or objects of related rights to apply to a collective administration association with the request for a licence to use works or objects of related rights in an appropriate manner.

Article 71. Institution Authorised by the Government in the Sphere of Copyright and Related Rights

1.	State policy in the sphere of copyright and related rights shall be exercised and the protection of the said rights shall, within its competence, co-ordinated by an institution authorised by the Government.

2.	The institution authorised by the Government shall perform the following functions:

1)	generalise the experience of the application of laws and other legal acts in the field of copyright and related rights and submit proposals for the drafting of laws and other legal acts, as well as for the amending and supplementing of the effective legal acts;

2)	draft laws and other legal acts regulating protection of copyright and related rights for the submission thereof to the Government;

3)	implement the provisions of international multilateral conventions and treaties for the protection of copyright and related rights;

4)	represent the Government in the World Intellectual Property Organisation;

5)	exercise the supervision of associations of collective administration of copyright and related rights;

6)	upon the request of collective administration associations and (or) users of works and objects of related rights, mediate in the negotiations concerning the conclusion of agreements;

7)	in the cases provided by this Law, exercise the protection of the moral rights of authors and performers;

8)	provide legal consultations and methodological assistance to collective administration associations and associations of users of works and objects of related rights, law enforcement institutions ensuring the protection and enforcement of copyright and related rights;

9)	systematise legal acts in the field of copyright and related rights;

10)	organise seminars, conferences, practical studies on issues of the implementation and enforcement of copyright;

11)	maintain contacts and co-operate with foreign institutions and international organisations operating in the field of intellectual property rights.

3.	All existing collective administration associations must submit to the institution authorised by the Government the following documents:

1) copies of their statutes and rules of the collection and distribution of the remuneration, as well as any amendments thereof;

2) copies of all bilateral and multilateral agreements concerning the administration of rights of foreign owners of copyright and related rights (at the request of the institution authorised by the Government);

3) copies of the resolutions of a general meeting (conference) of the members of a collective administration association;

4) data on the governing bodies of collective administration associations and their members.

4. The institution authorised by the Government shall have the right at any time to obtain from any collective administration association information necessary to determine whether the activities of the collective administration association conforms to the provisions of this Law and other laws, and to the statutes of the collective administration association.

5. If the activities of a collective administration association do not conform to the requirements of this Law, other laws or the statutes of the said association, the institution authorised by the Government may apply to court requesting the liquidation of such collective administration association.

6. In the execution of its tasks and functions of the institution authorised by the Government shall have the right to demand from public authorities, local authorities, enterprises, institutions and organisations all relevant information on the protection and enforcement of copyright and related rights, as well as other information necessary for the implementation of the tasks delegated to it.

Article 72. Council of Copyright and Related Rights of Lithuania

1.	The Council of Copyright and Related Rights of Lithuania (hereinafter referred to as the “Council”) is a public institution, which, as an expert and consultant, shall investigate issues related to the implementation of the provisions of this Law and international obligations of the Republic of Lithuania in the field of copyright and related rights and shall submit conclusions and proposals to the institution authorised by the Government.

2.	The Council shall consist of 14 members, 3 of whom are appointed by the Association of Art Creators, 4 - by collective administration associations, 4 - by associations of users of copyright works and objects of related rights, 2 - by associations of makers and distributors of computer programmes and makers of databases, and 1 - by the institution authorised by the Government. They may be scientists and other specialists of copyright and related rights.

3.	The members of the Council shall be appointed for a two-year term. The institution authorised by the Government shall approve the composition and regulations of the Council, and render its organisational-technical servicing.

4.	The Council shall:

1) render conclusions and proposals to the institution authorised by the Government on the issues specified in paragraph 1 of this Article;

2) mediate in the negotiations between collective administration associations and users of copyright works and objects of related rights concerning the copyright licensing agreements, the remuneration rates and the procedure of payment thereof, except the cases when a remuneration and the procedure for payment thereof is established by the Government;

3) at the request of collective administration associations, as well as users of copyright works and objects of related rights, settle disputes concerning the exploitation of works or objects of related rights and concerning the infringement of copyright and related rights.

5.	The Council shall approve the rules pertaining to the mediation in negotiations and settlement of disputes, specified in subparagraphs 2 and 3 of paragraph 4 of this Law. If the parties do not accept a proposal on the granting of copyright or related rights, submitted by the Council or other mediator during the negotiations, licensing conditions shall be established by the court.

6.	Decisions of the Council taken in relation to the disputes concerning the use of works and objects of related rights shall not prevent the parties from applying to the court according to the procedure prescribed by law.

Chapter VI

ENFORCEMENT of Copyright, Related Rights

AND SUI GENERIS RIGHTS

Article 73. Infringement of Copyright, Related Rights and Sui Generis Rights

The following acts shall be deemed to be the infringement of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights:

1) use of a work or an object of related rights or sui generis rights (including the publication, reproduction, public performance, broadcasting and retransmission or other communication to the public), and distribution thereof without the licence of the owner of such rights (without the conclusion of an agreement, or upon violation of its terms and conditions);

2) import, export, distribution, transportation or keeping for commercial advantage of infringing copies of works , objects of related rights or sui generis rights;

3) refusal to pay remuneration provided for by this Law or copyright agreements;

4) infringement of the moral rights of an author or a performer;

5) making of links in Internet webpages to the objects of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights, unlawfully communicated to the public, when a person who makes links does, knows or has reasonable grounds to know that the objects of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights are unlawfully communicated to the public;

6) infringement of other provisions of this Law, and the copyright, related rights or sui generis rights laid down by other laws.

Article 74. Technological Measures

1. For the enforcement or protection of the rights laid down in this Law, owners of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights may use effective technological measures (any technology, device or component) that, in the normal course of their operation, are designed to prevent or restrict acts, in respect of objects of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights, which are not authorised by the owners of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights.

2. Technological measures shall be deemed effective where the use of a protected object of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights is controlled by the owners of the rights through application of an access control or protection process (as encryption, scrambling or other transformation of the object of the rights) or a copy control mechanism, which achieves the protection objective. Such technological measures must not prevent the normal operation of electronic equipment and its technological development.

3. The circumvention of any effective technological measures, which the person concerned carries out in the knowledge, or with reasonable grounds to know, that he seeks to circumvent the technological measures applied by the owners of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights, shall be regarded as violation of technological measures.

4. The following acts related to the circumvention of any effective technological measures shall be regarded as violation:

1) the manufacture, import, distribution, sale, rental, advertisement for sale or rental, or possession for commercial purposes of devices, products or components which are primarily designed, produced or adapted for the purpose of enabling or facilitating the circumvention of, any effective technological measures, or which have only a limited commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent;

2) the provision of services related to the circumvention of technological measures.

5. Paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article shall not apply to the development or use of any means of circumventing a technological measure that is necessary to enable acts set out in paragraph 2 of Article 30, and Article 31.

6. Paragraphs 3 and 4 shall also apply to technological measures which are designed to ensure the right of users to benefit from the limitations set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 75 of this Law, and which are applied voluntarily by the owners of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights.

Article 75. Limitations for Application of Technological Measures

1. When technological measures applied by owners of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights prevent the users of such rights from benefiting from the limitations of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights, provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 20, subparagraphs 1 and 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 22, paragraph 1 of Article 23, Article 27, subparagraph 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 29, subparagraphs 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of paragraph 1 of Article 58, and paragraph 1 of Article 63 of this Law, the users of the rights must be provided with conditions or adequate means (i.e. decoding devices and other) enabling to use legitimately accessible objects of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights to the extent necessary for the users of the rights to benefit from the limitations of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights provided for their interests.

2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to works, objects of related rights and sui generis rights made available to the public by way of interactive on-demand transmissions, so that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them. Conditions of the provision of such services shall be set in agreements.

3. The owners of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights who desire to apply voluntary measures ensuring the right to benefit form the limitations of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights, provided for in paragraph 1 of this Law, must furnish information to the institution authorised by the Government about a measure to be applied, and other information related to the implementation of such measure, including information about going negotiations between owners of the rights, users of the rights and other interested persons. The institution authorised by the Government shall have the right to appoint its representative to take part in those negotiations

4. When the owners of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights do not take measures (i.e. do not provide with decoding devices, do not conclude agreements with the users of the rights, etc.) which would enable the users to benefit from the limitations specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, the users of the rights who have the right to benefit from such limitations, may apply to the Council for mediation in such dispute. The mediator (s) shall present proposals and help the parties to reach agreement. It shall be considered that the parties have accepted a written proposal of the mediator (s), if none of them expressed in writing any disagreements within one month from the presentation of the proposal. If the parties do not accept a proposal of the mediator (s), the dispute shall be settled by Vilnius regional court.

Article 76. Violation of Rights-Management Information

Violation of rights-management information shall be the removal or alteration of any rights-management information without the permission of the owner of the rights; as well as acts referred to in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of Article 73 of this Law, when rights-management information is removed or altered without authority, if the person knows, or has reasonable grounds to know, that by so doing he is inducing, enabling, facilitating or concealing an infringement of the rights protected under this Law.

Article 77. Remedies for Infringement

1.	With the aim of enforcing their rights, owners of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights shall be entitled to apply in the manner prescribed by law, to court to bring an action for:

1) recognition of rights;

2) injunction to terminate unlawful acts;

3) prohibition of actions because of which the rights may be actually infringed or damage may be actually caused;

4) redress of the infringed moral rights (injunction to make appropriate amendments, to announce the infringement in the press, or any other way);

5) exaction of unpaid remuneration for unlawful use of objects of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights;

6) compensation for property damage, including the lost income and other expenses, and in the cases provided for in Article 80 – non-pecuniary damage, as well;

7) payment of compensation;

8) seizure, and when a final court’s decision is made – taking out of circulation in such a way that damage would not be made to the rightholder and protection of his rights would be ensured (e.g. to reprocess into other goods, utilise or apply other similar measures), transfer to the aggrieved at his request or destruction at the expense of the offender of infringing copies of works, computer programmes, fixations of audiovisual works (films) and phonograms, possessed by the said offender, and the devices or equipment used for the manufacture or duplication of infringing copies intended for distribution;

9) other legislative measures for the protection of violated rights.

2.	The offenders who reproduce or distribute infringing copies of works or other objects, violating the rights of owners of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights, must, demanded by the court, immediately furnish all information about the origin of such copies, especially the identity (names and surnames) and addresses of producers, suppliers (distributors), clients, channels of distribution of infringing copies of works, amount of produced, submitted, received or ordered infringing copies.

3.	When defending their own rights, owners of copyright and related rights shall have the right to apply for an injunction against intermediaries to render over computer networks the services to a third party who makes use of such services by infringing copyright and related rights. Prohibition to render such services shall include discontinuation of the transmission of information relative to the infringement of copyright or related rights, or, when an intermediary is technically able to carry out such an act, removal of information infringing copyright or related rights, or prohibition from accessing information infringing copyright or related rights. Implementation of such decision of the court shall not exempt the intermediary from the liability for actions or inaction related to keeping or transfer of the said information, which was carried out before entry into force of such decision.

Article 78. Claims of Collective Administration Associations Filed in the Interest of the Owners of Copyright and Related Rights They Represent

1.	Collective administration associations shall, in the interest of the owners of copyright or related rights they represent, and without their separate authorisation, be entitled to file claims for the recovery of remuneration from the users of works or objects of related rights exploiting the mentioned works or objects of related rights without a licence of collective administration associations.

2.	An amount of compensation subject to recovery or value of a file shall be established on the basis of the rates fixed by collective administration associations for use of works and objects of related rights. When works and objects of relate rights are used by communicating them to the public, including background music, after a fact of unlawful use of works or objects of related rights has been established, it shall be considered that they have used at least a month, unless otherwise proved.

3.	The court, where it decides that the works or objects of related rights have been used without the said licence of a collective administration association, shall make a decision to exact from the user to the collective administration association the remuneration 3 times as big as the original amount payable under the licence to use a work or an object of related rights would have been.

4.	A repeated infringement of the procedure for the exploitation of works and objects of related rights, established by this Law, within a one-year period from the exaction of remuneration under paragraph 3 of this Article shall result in the increase of the remuneration to be exacted from the infringer 6 times as big as the original amount payable for the rights granted under the licence to use a work or an object of related rights would have been.

5.	The whole recovered sums of remuneration shall, in accordance with the procedure established by its regulations and remuneration payment rules, be distributed by a collective administration association among the authors or owners of related rights.

6.	The court in its proceedings on civil actions brought by owners of copyright or related rights, whose rights are not represented by collective administration associations, shall be guided by the provisions of paragraphs 2-4 of this Article.

Article 79. Recovery of Material Damage. Compensation

1.	The procedure for recovery of material damage shall be regulated by the Civil Code and this Law.

2.	When assessing the amount of losses, the court shall take into account the substance of violation, the amount of the inflicted damage, the lost income as well as other expenses incurred by the owner of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights, and gains received by the infringer from unlawful acts. Infringing copies of works or other objects may be handed over to the respective owners of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights, if requested.

3.	The amount of income not received by an owner of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights shall be established taking into account the income that would have been received when using works or other objects (taking into consideration a remuneration which is normally paid for lawful use of such works or other objects, or a remuneration which is paid for lawful use of similar works or other objects, or remunerations most suitable for the modes of use of a work or any other object), as well as taking into account concrete circumstances which might have created conditions to receive income (works performed by owners of rights, devices used, negotiations on conclusion of agreements pertaining to the use of a work, etc.).

4.	Gains received by infringing copyright, related rights or sui generis rights may, at the request of the owners of such rights, be recognised as losses. Illicit gains of an infringer shall comprise everything that the infringer saved and (or) received by infringing copyright, related rights or sui generis rights. Illicit gains received by the infringer shall be established and recovered regardless of whether the owner of the rights himself would have received the same gains which was received by the infringer, or whether the infringer knew that his actions were unlawful.

5.	When presenting a claim for damages, including a claim for the illicit gains received by the infringer, an owner of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights shall have the right to request that the infringer would submit documents which are necessary to establish his illicit gains. If such documents are deliberately or without valid reason not submitted to the court within set time limits, or the infringer refuses to let use them, the court shall have the right to make a decision on the basis of evidence presented to it.

6.	Instead of recovery of damages, the owner of copyright or related rights may claim compensation. Its amount, from 10 to 1000 minimal standards of living, shall be determined by the court having regard to the culpability of the infringer, his property status, causes of unlawful actions and other circumstances are of significance to the case, as well as the criteria of good faith, fairness and reasonableness.

Article 80. Compensation for Non-pecuniary Damage

1.	A person who has infringed moral rights of the author or performer, provided for in Article 14 and Article 52 of this Law, must compensate for non-pecuniary damage inflicted, the amount of which expressed in money shall be determined by the court.

2.	When determining the amount of compensation for non-pecuniary damage, the court shall have regard to the culpability of the infringer, his property status, the causes of unlawful actions, as well as other circumstances that are of significance to the case, as well as the criteria of good faith, fairness and reasonableness.

Article 81. Provisional Measures

2.	In urgent cases, with the presence of sufficient evidence about the infringement of copyright, related rights or sui generis rights, the court may, in accordance with the procedure established by the Code of Civil Procedure, apply provisional measures necessary to preserve evidence, to promptly prevent an infringement from occurring and to enforce a final decision of the court, that is:

1) to order persons to terminate the unlawful exploitation of works or other objects of the rights protected under this Law;

2) to prohibit the release into circulation of infringing copies of works or other objects of the rights protected under this Law;

3) seize infringing copies of fixations of audiovisual works or phonograms, as well as technical devices and equipment used for the reproduction thereof, and appropriate documents;

4) to apply other measures set out by the Code of Civil Procedure.

2.	Where essential irreparable damage may be caused to the owner of copyright or other rights, or where the evidence may be destroyed, the court may, in accordance with the procedure established by the Code of Civil Procedure, apply provisional measures, specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, without informing the other party and without calling it to the court hearing.

Article 82. Administrative and Criminal Liability

Administrative and criminal liability for violations of copyright, related rights and sui generis rights shall be defined by the Code of Administrative Offences and the Criminal Code.

Article 83. Application of Border Measures

Border measures provided for by laws, may be applied to infringing copies of works, computer programmes, fixations of audiovisual works (films) and phonograms imported into or exported from the Republic of Lithuania.

Annex to

The Law of the Republic of Lithuania on

Copyright and Related Rights

The Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Copyright and Related Rights is harmonised with the following legal acts of the European Union:

1) Council Directive 91/250/EEC of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs, with amendments made by Council Directive 93/98/EEC of 29 October 1993 harmonising the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights;

2) Council Directive 92/100/EEC of 19 November 1992 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property, with amendments made by Council Directive 93/98/EEC of 29 October 1993 harmonising the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights and Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society;

3) Council Directive 93/83/EEC of 27 September 1993 on the co-ordination of certain rules concerning copyright and rights related to copyright applicable to satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission;

4) Council Directive 93/98/EEC of 29 October 1993 harmonising the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights, with amendments made by Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society;

5) Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases; and

6) Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society.

Article 2. Transitional Provisions

1.	This Law shall apply to authors and owners of related rights if at the moment of the entry into force thereof the term of protection of their rights in literary, scientific and artistic works or objects of related rights, which were effective before the entry into force of this Law, has not expired, except the case specified in paragraph 2 of this Article.

2.	When a term of protection of the rights of producers of phonograms, granted pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article 50 the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Copyright and Related Rights, expires on 22 December 2002, the protection of the rights of producers of phonograms under this Law shall not be granted anew.

3.	Any acts done before the entry into force of this Law and not infringing the provisions of the relevant legislation in force at that time shall not constitute the infringement of rights and shall not give rise to the right to obtain remuneration granted under this Law.

4.	Agreements concluded before the entry into force of this Law shall be valid as long as they comply with the provisions stipulated by this Law.

Article 3. Entry into Force of the Law

Paragraph 3, 4, 5, and 6 of Article 20 of the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Copyright and Related Rights set out in Article 1 of this Law shall enter into force on 1 January 2004.

Article 4. Implementation of the Law

The Government shall, by 1 July 2003, adopt legal acts necessary for the implementation of this Law.

I promulgate this Law passed by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania.

President of the Republic	ROLANDAS PAKSAS